PLC是以微處理器為基礎，綜合了計算機技術、自動控制技術和通信技術，用面向控制過程面向用戶的“自然語言”編程，適應工業(yè)環(huán)境，簡單易懂、操作方便、可靠性高的新一代通用工業(yè)控制裝置。PLC是在繼電器順序控制基礎上發(fā)展起來的以微處理器為核心的通用自動控制裝置。
可編程序控制器是一種數字運算操作電子系統(tǒng)，專為在工業(yè)環(huán)境下應用而設計。它采用了可編程序的存儲器，用來在其內部存儲執(zhí)行邏輯運算、順序控制、定時、計數和算術運算等操作指令，并通過數字的、模擬的輸入和輸出，控制各種類型的機械或生產過程。可編程序控制器及其有關的外圍設備，都應按易于與工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)形成一個整體、易于擴充其功能的原則設計。
PLC產品種類繁多，其規(guī)格和性能也各不相同。對于PLC，通常根據其結構形式的不同、功能的差異和I/O點數的多少等進行大致分類。
按結構形式分類
根據PLC的結構形式，可將PLC分為整體式和模塊式兩類。
整體式PLC
整體式PLC是將電源、CPU、I/O接口等部件都集中裝在一個機箱內，如圖所示。具有結構緊湊、體積小、價格低的特點。小型PLC一般采用這種整體式結構。整體式PLC由不同I/O點數的基本單元（又稱主機）和擴展單元組成，基本單元內有CPU、I/O接口、與I/O擴展單元相連的擴展口以及與編程器或EPROM寫入器相連的接口等；擴展單元內只有I/O和電源等，而沒有CPU；締卧蛿U展單元之間一般用扁平電纜連接。整體式PLC一般還可配備特殊功能單元，如模擬量單元、位置控制單元等，使其功能得以擴展。
2）模塊式PLC
模塊式PLC將PLC的各組成部分分別做成若干個單獨的模塊，如CPU模塊、I/O模塊、電源模塊（有的含在CPU模塊中）以及各種功能模塊。模塊式PLC由框架或基板和各種模塊組成，模塊裝在框架或基板的插座上，如圖所示。這種模塊式PLC的特點是配置靈活，可根據需要選配不同規(guī)模的系統(tǒng)，而且裝配方便，便于擴展和維修。大、中型PLC一般采用模塊式結構。
還有一些PLC將整體式和模塊式的特點結合起來，構成所謂的疊裝式PLC。疊裝式PLC的CPU、電源、I/O接口等也是各自獨立的模塊，但它們之間是靠電纜進行連接的，并且各模塊可以一層層地疊裝。這樣，不但系統(tǒng)可以靈活配置，還可做得體積小巧。
2.2.按功能分類
根據PLC的功能不同，可將PLC分為低檔、中檔、。
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