超聲波探傷儀探頭<\/span><\/strong><\/p>一是將返回來(lái)的聲波轉(zhuǎn)換成電脈沖<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>二是控制超聲波的傳播方向和能量集中的程度<\/span>,<\/span>當(dāng)改變探頭入射角或改變超聲波的擴(kuò)散角時(shí)<\/span>,<\/span>可使聲波的主要能量按不同的角度射入介質(zhì)內(nèi)部或改變聲波的指向性<\/span>,<\/span>提高分辨率<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>三是實(shí)現(xiàn)波形轉(zhuǎn)換<\/span>;<\/span>四是控制工作頻率<\/span>,<\/span>適用于不同的工作條件<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>
<\/span>探頭是實(shí)現(xiàn)電信號(hào)與聲訊號(hào)相互轉(zhuǎn)換的器件，是超聲波探傷儀裝置的重要組成部分。各個(gè)廠家生產(chǎn)的超聲波探傷儀所用的探頭是可以通用的。目前所用的超聲波探傷儀探頭，絕大多數(shù)是利用壓電效應(yīng)原理制作的。<\/span>
<\/span>數(shù)字式超聲波探傷儀探頭的選擇，日常使用中常見(jiàn)的探頭種類(lèi)有以下幾種：<\/span>
A.<\/strong><\/span>超聲波探傷儀直探頭<\/span><\/strong>
<\/span><\/strong>進(jìn)行垂直探傷用的單晶片探頭，主要用于縱波探傷。直探頭由插座、外殼、保護(hù)膜、壓電晶片、吸聲材料等組成，頭接觸面為可更換的軟膜，用于檢測(cè)表面粗糙的工件。<\/span>
B.<\/strong><\/span>超聲波探傷儀斜探頭<\/span><\/strong>
<\/span>進(jìn)行斜射探傷用的探頭，主要用于橫波探傷。斜探頭由斜塊、壓電晶片、吸聲材料、外殼、插座等組成，斜探頭的聲束與探頭表面傾斜，因此可用于檢測(cè)直聲束無(wú)法到達(dá)的部位、或者缺陷的方向與檢測(cè)面之間存在夾角的區(qū)域。<\/span>
C.<\/strong><\/span>超聲波探傷儀小徑管探頭<\/span><\/strong>
<\/span><\/strong>單晶微型橫波斜探頭，用于小直徑薄壁管焊接接頭的檢驗(yàn)。檢測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照電力行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)<\/span>DL/T8202002<\/span>《管道焊接接頭超聲波檢驗(yàn)技術(shù)規(guī)程》，適合檢測(cè)管徑<\/span>32mm<\/span>、小于等于<\/span>159mm<\/span>，壁厚<\/span>4mm<\/span>、小于<\/span>14mm<\/span>的小直徑薄壁管<\/span>;<\/span>也可適用于其他行業(yè)類(lèi)似管道的檢測(cè)。探頭外形尺寸小<\/span>,<\/span>前沿距離<\/span>≤5mm<\/span>，始脈沖占寬<\/span>1.5mm(<\/span>相當(dāng)于鋼中深度<\/span>)<\/span>，分辨力大于等于<\/span>20dB<\/span>。根據(jù)被檢測(cè)管道外徑的不同，檢測(cè)面被加工成對(duì)應(yīng)管徑的弧度。<\/span>
D.<\/strong><\/span>超聲波探傷儀表面波探頭<\/span><\/strong>
<\/span>用于發(fā)射和接收表面波的探頭。表面波是沿工件表面?zhèn)鞑サ牟ǎ惦S表面下的深度迅速減少，傳播速度是橫波的<\/span>0.9<\/span>倍，質(zhì)點(diǎn)的振動(dòng)軌跡為橢圓。表面波探頭在被檢工件的表面和近表面產(chǎn)生表面波。型號(hào)中列明的角度為有機(jī)玻璃斜塊的傾斜角<\/span>(<\/span>入射角<\/span>)<\/span>。<\/span>
E.<\/strong><\/span>超聲波探傷儀可拆式斜探頭<\/span><\/strong>
<\/span>斜探頭的一種特殊類(lèi)型，將斜探頭分成斜塊、探頭芯兩個(gè)部分，使用時(shí)將兩者組合起來(lái)。常用的規(guī)格<\/span>2.5P20<\/span>的探頭芯、不同<\/span>K<\/span>值的斜塊<\/span>(1.0<\/span>、<\/span>1.5<\/span>、<\/span>2.0<\/span>、<\/span>2.5<\/span>、<\/span>3.0<\/span>等等<\/span>)<\/span>。接受定制其他規(guī)格的可拆式斜探頭。<\/span>
F.<\/strong><\/span>超聲波非金屬檢測(cè)用探頭<\/span><\/strong>
<\/span><\/strong>用于檢測(cè)非金屬材料，如混凝土、木材、巖石等。成對(duì)使用，一發(fā)一收，工作方式為透射式。鋁合金外殼，頻率從<\/span>12.5KHz<\/span>到<\/span>250KHz<\/span>，連接到探頭線(xiàn)的插座為<\/span>Q9<\/span>。<\/span>
G.<\/strong><\/span>超聲波探傷儀雙晶探頭<\/span><\/strong>
<\/span><\/strong>裝有兩個(gè)晶片的探頭，一個(gè)作為發(fā)射器，另一個(gè)作為接收器。又稱(chēng)分割式探頭、或者聯(lián)合雙探頭。雙晶探頭主要由插座、外殼、隔聲層、發(fā)射晶片、接收晶片、延遲塊等組成，使用垂直的縱波聲束掃查工件。相對(duì)直探頭而言，雙晶直探頭具有更好的近表面缺陷檢出能力<\/span>;<\/span>對(duì)于粗糙或者彎曲的檢測(cè)面，具有更好的耦合效果。<\/span>
H.<\/strong><\/span>超聲波水浸式探頭<\/span><\/strong>
<\/span>用于半自動(dòng)或者自動(dòng)化探傷系統(tǒng)中。當(dāng)探頭發(fā)射的聲束軸線(xiàn)垂直于檢測(cè)面時(shí)，縱波直聲束掃查工件<\/span>;<\/span>調(diào)節(jié)探頭聲束軸線(xiàn)與檢測(cè)面成一定的夾角，聲束在水和工件這兩種介質(zhì)的界面折射，可在工件中產(chǎn)生傾斜的橫波聲束來(lái)掃查工件。將探頭晶片前面的有機(jī)玻璃或者固化的環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂加工成一定弧度<\/span>(<\/span>球面或者圓柱面<\/span>)<\/span>，可得到點(diǎn)聚焦或者線(xiàn)聚焦的水浸式探頭。<\/span> <\/span><\/p> <\/span><\/p>| 斜探頭（大尺寸晶片）<\/td> | 列1<\/td> | 列2<\/td> | 列3<\/td> | 列4<\/td><\/tr> | | 頻率(MHz)<\/td> | 晶片尺寸(mm)<\/td> | 型號(hào)<\/td> | 外殼<\/td> | 插座<\/td><\/tr> | | 1<\/td> | 13*13<\/td> | 1P13*13 K1<\/td> | B2<\/td> | Q9<\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 1P13*13 K1.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 1P13*13 K2<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | 1.25<\/td> | 13*13<\/td> | 1.25P13*13 K0.8<\/td> | B2<\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 1.25P13*13 K1<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 1.25P13*13 K1.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 1.25P13*13 K2<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 1.25P13*13 K2.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 1.25P13*13 K3<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | 13*13<\/td> | 1.25P18*18 K0.8<\/td> | B1<\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 1.25P18*18 K1<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 1.25P18*18 K1.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 1.25P18*18 K2.0<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 1.25P18*18 K2.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 1.25P13*13 K3<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5<\/td> | 10*16<\/td> | 2.5P10*16 K0.8<\/td> | B2<\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P10*16 K1<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P10*16 K2.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P10*16 K2<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P10*16 K2.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P10*16 K3<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | 13*13<\/td> | 2.5P13*13 K0.8<\/td> | B2<\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P13*13 K1<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P13*13 K2.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P13*13 K2<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P13*13 K2.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P13*13 K3<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | 18*18<\/td> | 2.5P18*18 K0.8<\/td> | B1<\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P18*18 K1<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P18*18 K2.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P18*18 K2<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P18*18 K2.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 2.5P18*18 K3<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | 5<\/td> | 10*16<\/td> | 5P10*16 K1<\/td> | B2<\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 5P10*16 K0.8<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 5P10*16 K1.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 5P10*16 K2<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 5P10*16 K2.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 5P10*16 K3<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | 13*13<\/td> | 5P13*13 K0.8<\/td> | B2<\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 5P13*13 K1<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 5P13*13 K1.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 5P13*13 K2<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 5P13*13 K2.5<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | <\/td> | <\/td> | 5P13*13 K3<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | 小型斜探頭<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | 頻率(MHz)<\/td> | 晶片尺寸(mm)<\/td> | 型號(hào)<\/td> | 外殼<\/td> | 插座<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5<\/td> | 8*12<\/td> | 2.5P8*12 K0.8<\/td> | B3<\/td> | Q9<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P8*12 K1<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P8*12 K1.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P8*12 K2<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P8*12 K2.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P8*12 K3<\/td><\/tr> | | 9*9<\/td> | 2.5P9*9 K0.8<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P9*9 K1<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P9*9 K1.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P9*9 K2<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P9*9 K2.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P9*9 K3<\/td><\/tr> | | 5<\/td> | 8*12<\/td> | 5P8*12 K0.8<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P8*12 K1<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P8*12 K1.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P8*12 K2<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P8*12 K2.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P8*12 K3<\/td><\/tr> | | 9*9<\/td> | 5P9*9 K0.8<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P9*9 K1<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P9*9 K1.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P9*9 K2<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P9*9 K2.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P9*9 K3<\/td><\/tr> | | 微型斜探頭<\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td> | <\/td><\/tr> | | 頻率(MHz)<\/td> | 晶片尺寸(mm)<\/td> | 型號(hào)<\/td> | 外殼<\/td> | 插座<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5<\/td> | 6*8<\/td> | 2.5P6*8 K0.8<\/td> | B4<\/td> | Q9<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P6*8 K1<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P6*8 K1.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P6*8 K2<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P6*8 K2.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 2.5P6*8 K3<\/td><\/tr> | | 5<\/td> | 6*6<\/td> | 5P6*6 K0.8<\/td> | B5<\/td> | Q6<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P6*6 K1<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P6*6 K1.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P6*6 K2<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P6*6 K2.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P6*6 K3<\/td><\/tr> | | 6*8<\/td> | 5P6*8 K0.<\/td> | B4<\/td> | Q9<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P6*8 K1<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P6*8 K1.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P6*8 K2<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P6*8 K2.5<\/td><\/tr> | | 5P6*8 K3<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/td><\/tr><\/table> <\/p> <\/p> 焊縫探傷如何根據(jù)工件尺寸來(lái)選擇探頭和斜率<\/span><\/span><\/p>不銹鋼<\/span><\/span>通常<\/span>1.25 MHZ<\/span><\/span><\/p>鑄鐵<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>通常<\/span>0.5<\/span>—<\/span>2.5MHZ<\/span><\/span><\/p>普通鋼<\/span><\/span>通常<\/span>5MHZ <\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>4-5MM<\/span><\/p><\/td> | 6*6<\/span><\/p><\/td> | K3<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>6-8MM<\/span><\/p><\/td> | 8*8<\/span><\/p><\/td> | K3<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>9-10MM<\/span><\/p><\/td> | 9*9<\/span><\/p><\/td> | K3<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>11-12MM<\/span><\/p><\/td> | 9*9<\/span><\/p><\/td> | K2.5<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>13-16MM<\/span><\/p><\/td> | 9*9<\/span><\/p><\/td> | K2<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>17-25MM<\/span><\/p><\/td> | 13*13<\/span><\/p><\/td> | K2<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>26-30MM<\/span><\/p><\/td> | 13*13<\/span><\/p><\/td> | K2.5<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>31-46MM<\/span><\/p><\/td> | 13*13<\/span><\/p><\/td> | K1.5<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>47-120MM<\/span><\/p><\/td> | 13*13<\/span><\/p><\/td> | K2-K1<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>121-400MM<\/span><\/p><\/td> | 18*18 <\/span>20*20<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td> | K2-K1<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/table>
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