?PLC的控制方式屬于存儲程序控制，其控制功能是通過存放在存儲器內(nèi)的程序來實現(xiàn)的，若要對控制功能作必要修改，只需改變控制程序即可，這就實現(xiàn)了控制的軟件化？删幊炭刂破鞯膬(yōu)點在于"可"字，從軟件來講，其控制程序可編輯、可修改；從硬件上講，其外部設(shè)備配置可變。構(gòu)建一個PLC控制系統(tǒng)的重心就在于控制程序的編制，但外部設(shè)備的選用也將對程序的編制產(chǎn)生影響。因此在進行程序設(shè)計時應(yīng)結(jié)合實際需要，硬、軟件綜合考慮。本文就硬、軟兩方面，選取梯形圖為編程語言，以松下電工FPO-C32型PLC為例，對PLC使用過程中易出現(xiàn)的幾個問題及解決方法進行了分析。
????一、外部輸入設(shè)備的選用與PLC輸入繼電器的使用
??? 1.?外部輸入信號的采集
??? PLC的外部設(shè)備主要是指控制系統(tǒng)中的輸入輸出設(shè)備，其中輸人設(shè)備是對系統(tǒng)發(fā)出各種控制信號的主令電器，在編寫控制程序時必須注意外部輸入設(shè)備使用的是常開還是常閉觸點，并以此為基礎(chǔ)進行程序編制。否則易出現(xiàn)控制錯誤。
????在PLC內(nèi)部存儲器中有專用于輸入狀態(tài)存儲的輸入繼電器區(qū)，各輸入設(shè)備（開關(guān)、按鈕、行程開關(guān)或傳感器信號）的狀態(tài)經(jīng)由輸入接口電路存儲在該區(qū)域內(nèi)，每個輸入繼電器可存儲一個輸入設(shè)備狀態(tài)。PLC中使用的"繼電器"并非實體繼電器，而是"軟繼電器"，可提供無數(shù)個常開、常閉觸點用于編程。每個"軟繼電器"僅對應(yīng)PLC存儲單元中的一位（bit），該位狀態(tài)為"1"，表示該"軟繼電器線圈"通電，則程序中所有該繼電器的觸點都動作。輸入繼電器作為PLC接收外部主令信號的器件，通過接線與外部輸入設(shè)備相聯(lián)系，其"線圈"狀態(tài)只能由外部輸入信號驅(qū)動。
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