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?PLC的控制方式屬于存儲(chǔ)程序控制，其控制功能是通過(guò)存放在存儲(chǔ)器內(nèi)的程序來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，若要對(duì)控制功能作必要修改，只需改變控制程序即可，這就實(shí)現(xiàn)了控制的軟件化？删幊炭刂破鞯膬(yōu)點(diǎn)在于"可"字，從軟件來(lái)講，其控制程序可編輯、可修改；從硬件上講，其外部設(shè)備配置可變。構(gòu)建一個(gè)PLC控制系統(tǒng)的重心就在于控制程序的編制，但外部設(shè)備的選用也將對(duì)程序的編制產(chǎn)生影響。因此在進(jìn)行程序設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)結(jié)合實(shí)際需要，硬、軟件綜合考慮。本文就硬、軟兩方面，選取梯形圖為編程語(yǔ)言，以松下電工FPO-C32型PLC為例，對(duì)PLC使用過(guò)程中易出現(xiàn)的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題及解決方法進(jìn)行了分析。
? ? 一、外部輸入設(shè)備的選用與PLC輸入繼電器的使用
? ? 1. 外部輸入信號(hào)的采集
? ? PLC的外部設(shè)備主要是指控制系統(tǒng)中的輸入輸出設(shè)備，其中輸人設(shè)備是對(duì)系統(tǒng)發(fā)出各種控制信號(hào)的主令電器，在編寫(xiě)控制程序時(shí)必須注意外部輸入設(shè)備使用的是常開(kāi)還是常閉觸點(diǎn)，并以此為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行程序編制。否則易出現(xiàn)控制錯(cuò)誤。
? ? 在PLC內(nèi)部存儲(chǔ)器中有專用于輸入狀態(tài)存儲(chǔ)的輸入繼電器區(qū)，各輸入設(shè)備（開(kāi)關(guān)、按鈕、行程開(kāi)關(guān)或傳感器信號(hào)）的狀態(tài)經(jīng)由輸入接口電路存儲(chǔ)在該區(qū)域內(nèi)，每個(gè)輸入繼電器可存儲(chǔ)一個(gè)輸入設(shè)備狀態(tài)。PLC中使用的"繼電器"并非實(shí)體繼電器，而是"軟繼電器"，可提供無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)常開(kāi)、常閉觸點(diǎn)用于編程。每個(gè)"軟繼電器"僅對(duì)應(yīng)PLC存儲(chǔ)單元中的一位（bit），該位狀態(tài)為"1"，表示該"軟繼電器線圈"通電，則程序中所有該繼電器的觸點(diǎn)都動(dòng)作。輸入繼電器作為PLC接收外部主令信號(hào)的器件，通過(guò)接線與外部輸入設(shè)備相聯(lián)系，其"線圈"狀態(tài)只能由外部輸入信號(hào)驅(qū)動(dòng)。
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