1968年美國GM(通用汽車)公司提出取代繼電器控制裝置的要求，第二年美國數(shù)字公司研制出了第一代可編程序控制器，滿足了GM公司裝配線的要求。隨著集成電路技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù)的發(fā)展，已有第五代PLC產(chǎn)品了。
在以改變幾何形狀和機械性能為特征的制造工業(yè)和以物理變化和化學(xué)變化將原料轉(zhuǎn)化成產(chǎn)品為特征的過程工業(yè)中，除了以連續(xù)量為主的反饋控制外，特別在制造工業(yè)中存在了大量的開關(guān)量為主的開環(huán)的順序控制，它按照邏輯條件進行順序動作號按照時序動作;另外還有與順序、時序無關(guān)的按照邏輯關(guān)系進行連鎖保護動作的控制;以及大量的開關(guān)量、脈沖量、計時、
計數(shù)器、模擬量的越限報警等狀態(tài)量為主的—離散量的數(shù)據(jù)采集監(jiān)視。由于這些控制和監(jiān)視的要求，所以PLC發(fā)展成了取代繼電器線路和進行順序控制為主的產(chǎn)品。在多年的生產(chǎn)實踐中，逐漸形成了PLC、DCS與IPC三足鼎立之勢，如表1，還有其它的單回路智能式調(diào)節(jié)器等在市場上占一定的百分比。
在80年代至90年代中期，是PLC發(fā)展最快的時期，年增長率一直保持為30~40%。由于PLC機聯(lián)系處理模擬能力和網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面功能的進步，擠占了一部分DCS的市場(過程控制)并逐漸壟斷了污水處理等行業(yè)，但是由于工業(yè)PC(IPC)的出現(xiàn)，特別是
現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)的發(fā)展，IPC和FCS也擠占了一部分PLC市場，所以PLC增長速度，總的說是漸緩。全世界有200多廠家生產(chǎn)300多品種PLC產(chǎn)品，主要應(yīng)用在汽車(23%)、糧食加工(16.4%)、化學(xué)/制藥(14.6%)、金屬/礦山(11.5%)、紙漿/造紙(11.3%)等行業(yè)。
由于基于PC的控制器被證明可以像PLC一樣可*，并且被操作和維護人員接受，所以，一個接一個的制造商至少在部分生產(chǎn)中正在采用PC控制方案；赑C的控制系統(tǒng)易于安裝和使用，有高級的診斷功能，為系統(tǒng)集成商提供了更靈活的選擇，從長遠角度看，PC控制系統(tǒng)維護成本低。
由于
可編程控制器(PLC)受PC控制的威脅最大，所以PLC供應(yīng)商對PC的應(yīng)用感到很不安。事實上，可編程控制器(PLC)也加入到了PC控制“浪潮”中。
工業(yè)PC在我國得到了異常迅速的發(fā)展。從世界范圍來看，工業(yè)PC主要包含兩種類型：IPC工控機和CompactPCI工控機以及它們的變形機，如AT96總線工控機等。由于基礎(chǔ)自動化和過程自動化對工業(yè)PC的運行穩(wěn)定性、熱插拔和冗余配置要求很高，現(xiàn)有的IPC已經(jīng)不能完全滿足要求，將逐漸退出該領(lǐng)域，取而代之的將是CompactPCI-based工控機，而IPC將占據(jù)管理自動化層。國家于2001年設(shè)立了“以工業(yè)控制計算機為基礎(chǔ)的開放式控制系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)化”工業(yè)自動化重大專項，目標(biāo)就是發(fā)展具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的PC-based控制系統(tǒng)，在3(5年內(nèi)，占領(lǐng)30%(50%的國內(nèi)市場，并實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化。
幾年前，當(dāng)“軟PLC”出現(xiàn)時，業(yè)界曾認(rèn)為工業(yè)PC將會取代PLC。然而，時至 今日工業(yè)PC并沒有代替PLC，主要有兩個原因：一個是系統(tǒng)集成原因;另一個是軟件操作系統(tǒng)WindowsNT的原因。一個成功的PC-based控制系統(tǒng)要具備兩點：一是所有工作要由一個平臺上的軟件完成;二是向客戶提供所需要的所有東西？梢灶A(yù)見，工業(yè)PC與PLC的競爭將主要在高端應(yīng)用上，其數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)雜且設(shè)備集成度高。工業(yè)PC不可能與低價的微型PLC競爭，這也是PLC市場增長最快的一部分。從發(fā)展趨勢看，控制系統(tǒng)的將來很可能存在于工業(yè)PC和PLC之間，這些融合的跡象已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。
和PLC一樣，工業(yè)PC市場在過去的兩年里保持平穩(wěn)。與PLC相比，工業(yè)PC軟件很便宜。據(jù)Frost&Sullivan公司估計，全世界每年7億美元工業(yè)PC市場里，大約8500萬美元為控制軟件，一億美元為操作系統(tǒng)。到2007年會翻一番，工業(yè)PC市場變得非？捎^。
Parker 404XR 26" x 16" XY Stage Linear Screw Actuator w/ Stepper - THK CNC
PARKER AC SERVO MOTOR MPM1902RM-1286
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REXROTH HNC100 AXIS CONTROLLER VT-HNC100-1-10/CB1
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