個人計算機（簡稱PC）發(fā)展起來后，為了方便，也為了反映可編程控制器的功能特點，可編程序控制器定名為Programmable Logic Controller（PLC）。
上世紀80年代至90年代中期，是PLC發(fā)展最快的時期，年增長率一直保持為30~40%。在這時期，PLC在處理模擬量能力、數(shù)字運算能力、人機接口能力和網(wǎng)絡能力得到大幅度提高，PLC逐漸進入過程控制領域，在某些應用上取代了在過程控制領域處于統(tǒng)治地位的DCS系統(tǒng)。
PLC具有通用性強、使用方便、適應面廣、可靠性高、抗干擾能力強、編程簡單等特點。PLC在工業(yè)自動化控制特別是順序控制中的地位，在可預見的將來，是無法取代的。
PLC與電氣回路的接口，是通過輸入輸出部分（I/O）完成的。I/O模塊集成了PLC的I/O電路，其輸入暫存器反映輸入信號狀態(tài)，輸出點反映輸出鎖存器狀態(tài)。輸入模塊將電信號變換成數(shù)字信號進入PLC系統(tǒng)，輸出模塊相反。I/O分為開關量輸入（DI），開關量輸出（DO），模擬量輸入（AI），模擬量輸出（AO）等模塊。
常用的I/O分類如下：
開關量：按電壓水平分，有220VAC、110VAC、24VDC，按隔離方式分，有繼電器隔離和晶體管隔離。
模擬量：按信號類型分，有電流型（4-20mA,0-20mA）、電壓型（0-10V,0-5V,-10-10V）等，按精度分，有12bit,14bit,16bit等。
除了上述通用IO外，還有特殊IO模塊，如熱電阻、熱電偶、脈沖等模塊。
按I/O點數(shù)確定模塊規(guī)格及數(shù)量，I/O模塊可多可少，但其最大數(shù)受CPU所能管理的基本配置的能力，即受最大的底板或機架槽數(shù)限制。
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