數(shù)據(jù)中心不間斷電源系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)及等級(jí)分類
典型的數(shù)據(jù)中心供電系統(tǒng)由中壓配電、變壓器、低壓配電、不間斷電源、末端配電以及發(fā)電機(jī)組等設(shè)備組成,其中UPS的主要作用是在市電電源中斷、發(fā)電機(jī)啟動(dòng)之前,確保所帶負(fù)載的持續(xù)供電。
發(fā)電機(jī)組的主要作用是市電中斷時(shí)立即啟動(dòng)為負(fù)載提供持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定的電力供應(yīng)。Uptime Institute是一個(gè)國際公認(rèn)的組織,它對(duì)如何設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)中心設(shè)施進(jìn)行了規(guī)定和認(rèn)證。它根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)中心的可用性分為四個(gè)等級(jí):TierⅠ(基本型)、TierⅡ(部分冗余型)、Tier Ⅲ(可同時(shí)維護(hù)型)和Tier Ⅳ(故障容錯(cuò)型)。數(shù)據(jù)中心所擁有的提供持續(xù)電源和應(yīng)急電源的設(shè)備數(shù)量是決定它們屬于哪一等級(jí)的重要因素。具體分類如表1所示。
2 數(shù)據(jù)中心對(duì)發(fā)電機(jī)組的要求
數(shù)據(jù)中心持續(xù)功率(DCC)在柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組行業(yè)內(nèi)的應(yīng)用持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。DCC應(yīng)用作為數(shù)據(jù)處理中心(DPCs)電源的一種可替代電源,它的特性使它能滿足數(shù)據(jù)中心設(shè)施對(duì)可靠性和可用性的需求。
Uptime Institute規(guī)定應(yīng)急電源需滿足TierⅠ或TierⅡ,替代電源需滿足Tier Ⅲ或Tier Ⅳ要求。要被認(rèn)為是可替代電源,并滿足Uptime Institute Tier Ⅲ和Tier Ⅳ的要求,則該發(fā)電機(jī)組必須在主電源發(fā)生故障時(shí)能提供持續(xù)電力。這意味著發(fā)電機(jī)組容量能在要求的負(fù)荷水平下提供持續(xù)電力而不受時(shí)間限制？梢詮囊韵聨讉(gè)方面來選擇最適合
數(shù)據(jù)中心項(xiàng)目的發(fā)電機(jī)組:
(1)主電網(wǎng)的可靠性、數(shù)據(jù)中心所存數(shù)據(jù)的敏感度
如果主電網(wǎng)足夠可靠,或數(shù)據(jù)中心處理的數(shù)據(jù)敏感性要求較低,或不嚴(yán)格要求數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時(shí)可讀取性,那么數(shù)據(jù)中心設(shè)施的有效性百分比將降低,它們會(huì)被歸類為Uptime Institute Tier I或Tier II.這時(shí)會(huì)根據(jù)發(fā)電機(jī)組的備用功率來選擇發(fā)電機(jī)組作為備用電源,以減少安裝費(fèi)用。
(2)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)及發(fā)電機(jī)的選擇
作為電力供應(yīng)的動(dòng)力源,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的重要性不言而喻;不但要考慮通用的環(huán)境因素(溫度、海拔)、啟動(dòng)冗余(雙啟動(dòng)馬達(dá)、雙啟動(dòng)蓄電池,或氣動(dòng)、彈簧啟動(dòng))、通風(fēng)散熱、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水加熱等;還要結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)中心的要求來選擇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)及發(fā)電機(jī)。發(fā)電機(jī)組行業(yè)主要的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制造商新發(fā)布了一個(gè)新的功率定義——數(shù)據(jù)中心持續(xù)功率(DCC)。
發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)商用DCC定義來保證發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行不受時(shí)間和平均功率百分比限制。發(fā)電機(jī)組的連續(xù)負(fù)載能力、可靠性、突加載能力是最核心的要求。
(3)智能冗余控制系統(tǒng)
控制系統(tǒng)作為發(fā)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行的大腦,肩負(fù)著自動(dòng)開關(guān)機(jī)、同步并聯(lián)帶載、負(fù)載分配(有功、無功功率均分)、功率管理、保護(hù)、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)裙δ。所以控制系統(tǒng)要做到充分可靠及冗余控制(控制冗余、通訊冗余)。
3 發(fā)電機(jī)組冗余控制及案例分析
冗余控制器是一種熱備份的應(yīng)用,防止系統(tǒng)崩潰導(dǎo)致機(jī)組不能正常運(yùn)行,在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中當(dāng)用主控制器出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)備份控制器可以無縫接替主用控制器的當(dāng)前工作狀態(tài),確保系統(tǒng)高可靠運(yùn)行。
冗余控制的重點(diǎn)在輸出信號(hào)、輸入信號(hào)以及參數(shù)設(shè)定;冗余系統(tǒng)中的主、備用控制器通過CAN總線通訊;備用控制器通過CAN總線周期性的向主用控制器發(fā)送信息,以評(píng)估主用控制器的狀態(tài)。當(dāng)主用控制器出現(xiàn)問題時(shí),備用控制器會(huì)通過二進(jìn)制輸出點(diǎn)來控制外接繼電器,瞬間將主用控制器的輸出信號(hào)切換到備用控制器的輸出口上,主用控制器故障到備用控制器投入時(shí)間最多200ms。
圖1是冗余系統(tǒng)中主、備控制器間的接線舉例,當(dāng)備用控制器通過CAN總線接收不到主控制器的應(yīng)答信號(hào),BO輸出,控制K-FD繼電器動(dòng)作,觸發(fā)“應(yīng)急手動(dòng)”輸入口狀態(tài)切換,實(shí)現(xiàn)主用、備用控制器之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。
圖2所示是某數(shù)據(jù)中心發(fā)電機(jī)組冗余控制的典型系統(tǒng)框圖,主、備控制器(HGM8151發(fā)電機(jī)組并聯(lián)控制器)通過CAN總線交互信息。信號(hào)部分需要獨(dú)立接線的有:開關(guān)量輸入、繼電器輸出、交流電壓、交流電流、轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器。需要通過切換的I/O信號(hào)有:轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)(GOV)控制信號(hào)輸出、電壓調(diào)節(jié)(AVR)控制信號(hào)輸出、模擬量輸入等。鑒于模擬量信號(hào)是兩個(gè)控制器間切換監(jiān)控的,所以模擬量信號(hào)的保護(hù)需要在主、備控制器中設(shè)置保護(hù)時(shí)間延時(shí)。
4 結(jié)束語
數(shù)據(jù)中心處理的數(shù)據(jù)越敏感,就越需要可靠的電力設(shè)施為設(shè)備提供持續(xù)電力。由于發(fā)電機(jī)組是構(gòu)成這類設(shè)施的一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)部分,所以在選擇數(shù)據(jù)中心發(fā)電機(jī)組時(shí)要依據(jù)Uptime Institute制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來選擇,依據(jù)備用功率來設(shè)計(jì)容量大小時(shí),需滿足Tier I和Tier II要求;滿足Tier III和Tier IV的要求,發(fā)電機(jī)組則必須依據(jù)它的DCC功率來選擇容量。同時(shí)發(fā)電機(jī)組智能控制系統(tǒng)需具有熱備份、冗余控制功能,確保供電系統(tǒng)的可靠性、穩(wěn)定性。
隨著中國城市信息化和行業(yè)、企業(yè)信息化進(jìn)度的加快，中國機(jī)房市場(chǎng)擁有巨大的發(fā)展空間,本展云集國內(nèi)外眾多實(shí)力強(qiáng)大的機(jī)房設(shè)技術(shù)、設(shè)備及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)商，組織方憑借多年豐富的展會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)將開展強(qiáng)大的組織宣傳工作，吸引來自國內(nèi)外通信系統(tǒng)、金融、政府部門、電力、交通、醫(yī)院、地鐵系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心、廣播電視、教育、電子政務(wù)、工商/稅局、公安、企事業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)機(jī)房等領(lǐng)域相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人、工程技術(shù)人員及貿(mào)易采購商，為廣大專業(yè)人士提供創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)解決方案，屆時(shí)采購商和供應(yīng)商將會(huì)聚一堂，在互動(dòng)的商務(wù)環(huán)境中和業(yè)內(nèi)同行交流關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，參展商將獲得拓展業(yè)務(wù)的絕佳機(jī)會(huì)，我們專注致力于機(jī)房技術(shù)應(yīng)用及設(shè)備企業(yè)與用戶的交流合作，為全球機(jī)房技術(shù)及設(shè)備制造商提供集形象展示、品牌推廣、市場(chǎng)營銷于一體的綜合交流平臺(tái)，是供應(yīng)商和采購商共贏的盛會(huì)，是中國乃至機(jī)房行業(yè)最重要的展事之一。
?如果您是下列產(chǎn)品的供應(yīng)商，請(qǐng)即預(yù)定展位
機(jī)房產(chǎn)品:精密空調(diào)、UPS不間斷電源、發(fā)電機(jī)組、防雷產(chǎn)品、蓄電池、機(jī)房空調(diào)水處理、加/除濕產(chǎn)品、新風(fēng)機(jī)、門禁、消防產(chǎn)品、KVM切換器、機(jī)箱、機(jī)柜及控制臺(tái)、PDU電源分配器、綜合布線設(shè)備、光纖設(shè)備、光纖線纜、測(cè)試儀、防靜電地板、配電柜、電纜與雙絞線、大屏幕、電氣、配冷送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)中心管理和自動(dòng)化，能源管理解決方案、機(jī)房潔凈設(shè)備和技術(shù)、集中監(jiān)控、機(jī)房照明系統(tǒng)、傳輸設(shè)備、配線架、動(dòng)力電源/網(wǎng)絡(luò)電源、交流配電箱、機(jī)房恒溫系統(tǒng)、機(jī)房環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)、電能存儲(chǔ)方案、機(jī)房建設(shè)系統(tǒng)工程、機(jī)房解決方案、機(jī)房核心設(shè)備管理信息系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)中心基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等。
機(jī)房網(wǎng)絡(luò)IT產(chǎn)品：服務(wù)器、路由器、交換機(jī)、防火墻、小型機(jī)、光端機(jī)、UTM
機(jī)房網(wǎng)絡(luò)存儲(chǔ)產(chǎn)品：SCSI及SAS卡、SCSI及SAS配件、SCSI及SAS硬盤、磁帶機(jī)、磁帶庫、NAS網(wǎng)絡(luò)存儲(chǔ)器、RAID卡、磁盤陣列、SAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)存儲(chǔ)、外置及共享硬盤、IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)存儲(chǔ)、硬盤抽取盒、光盤鏡像服務(wù)器、光盤庫、連續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)、虛擬磁帶庫.
Data center uninterruptible power supply system architecture and hierarchical classification
The data center power supply system, a typical medium voltage distribution transformer, low voltage distribution, uninterruptible power supply equipment, terminal distribution and power generators and other components, including the main function of UPS is before the power interruption, generator start, to ensure continuous power supply with load.
The main function of the generating set is to start immediately when the power supply is interrupted and to provide a sustained and stable power supply for the load. Uptime Institute is an internationally recognized organization that provides regulations and certification on how to design data center facilities. According to the availability of data center, it is divided into four levels: Tier I (basic type), Tier II (partial redundancy), Tier III (simultaneous maintenance type) and Tier IV (fault tolerant type). The number of devices provided by the data center to provide sustained power and emergency power is an important factor determining which level they belong to. The specific classification is shown in table 1.
Requirement of 2 Data Center for generator set
The application of data center continuous power (DCC) in diesel generator industry continues to grow. DCC applications, as an alternative power supply for data processing center (DPCs) power, enable it to meet the reliability and availability requirements of data center facilities.
Uptime Institute stipulates that the emergency power supply should meet Tier I or Tier II, and the replacement power supply shall meet the requirements of Tier III or Tier IV. In order to be considered as an alternative power source and to meet the requirements of Uptime Institute Tier III and Tier IV, the generator must provide sustained power when the main power failure occurs. This means that the capacity of the generator can provide sustained power without time limitation at the required load level. You can choose the best from the following aspects
Power generation unit of data center project:
(1) the reliability of the main grid and the sensitivity of the data stored in the data center
If the main power system reliable enough, or data center data processing sensitivity are low, or not strictly required real-time data can be read, then the percentage of effective data center facilities will be reduced, they will be classified as Uptime Institute Tier I or Tier II. at will according to the standby power generator to generator as the standby power supply, to reduce installation cost.
(2) selection of engine and generator
As the power source of power supply, the importance of self-evident engine; not only to consider the general environmental factors (temperature, altitude), redundant (dual boot motor, dual boot battery, or pneumatic spring, start), ventilation, water heating and other engine; also to combine data center requirements to select the engine and generator. The main engine manufacturer in the power generation industry has released a new power definition data center continuous power (DCC).
Engine production commercial DCC definition to ensure that engine operation is not limited by time and average power percentage. The continuous load capacity, reliability and sudden loading capacity of the generator unit are the core requirements.
(3) intelligent redundant control system
As the brain of power generation unit, the control system shoulders the functions of automatic switching machine, synchronous parallel load, load distribution (power sharing, reactive power sharing), power management, protection, data transmission, etc.. Therefore, the control system should be fully reliable and redundant control (control redundancy, communication redundancy).
Redundant control of 3 generator sets and case analysis
The redundant controller is a hot backup, to prevent the collapse of the system causes the unit can not operate normally, when used in the practical application of the main controller failure when the backup controller can substitute the master with the current working state of the controller, to ensure system reliable operation.
Key control redundancy in the output signal and the input signal and parameter setting; main and standby redundant system controller through CAN bus communication; standby controller through CAN bus with periodic send information to the main controller, in order to assess the main controller state. When the master controller when there is a problem, the standby controller will control the binary output point relay, the moment will be the main switching controller output signal to the standby controller output, the main controller fault to the standby controller input time up to 200ms.
Figure 1 is an example of the connection between controllers main and standby redundant systems, output BO when the standby controller through the CAN bus to receive the response signal, the main controller, K-FD control relay, triggering emergency manual input port switch, switching between main and standby controller.
Figure 2 shows a typical system block diagram of redundancy control for a data center generator. The main and standby controller (HGM8151 generator parallel controller) interacts with each other through the CAN bus. The signal part needs independent wiring: switch quantity input, relay output, AC voltage, AC current, speed sensor. The I/O signals that need to be switched are: speed regulation (GOV) control signal output, voltage regulation (AVR) control signal output, analog input and so on. Since analog signals are monitored by switching between two controllers, the protection of analog signals requires setting time delay in the main and standby controllers.
4 concluding remarks
The more sensitive the data processed by the data center, the more reliable power facilities are needed to provide continuous power for the equipment. Since the generating unit is a basic part of such a facility, it is necessary to select the data center generator set according to the Uptime Instit.
理士蓄電池2v500ah報(bào)價(jià)/技術(shù)參數(shù)理士蓄電池2v500ah報(bào)價(jià)/技術(shù)參數(shù)理士蓄電池2v500ah報(bào)價(jià)/技術(shù)參數(shù).
理士蓄電池—閥控式密封膠體鉛酸DGM蓄電池技術(shù)參數(shù) 產(chǎn)品概述： 理士電池在長(zhǎng)期不懈的開發(fā)研制VRLA電池（AGM隔板）的基礎(chǔ)上，完全依靠自己的技術(shù)和實(shí)力已成功地開發(fā)出LEOCH GEL BATTERY，經(jīng)過模擬加速試驗(yàn)顯示效果良好， 理士膠體電池各項(xiàng)質(zhì)量指標(biāo)均已達(dá)到國外先進(jìn)水平，而且生產(chǎn)已成系列化。 產(chǎn)品特性： 1. 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間放電特性。 2. 適用于備用和儲(chǔ)能電源使用。 3. 特殊的極板設(shè)計(jì)，循環(huán)使用壽命長(zhǎng)。 4. 特殊的鉛鈣合金配方，增強(qiáng)了板柵的耐腐蝕性，延長(zhǎng)了電池使用壽命。 5. 專用隔板增強(qiáng)了電池內(nèi)部性能。 6. 熱容量大，減少了熱失控的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，不易干涸，可在較惡劣的環(huán)境中使用。 7. 氣體復(fù)合效率高。 8. 失水極少無電解液層化現(xiàn)象。 9. 貯存期較長(zhǎng)。 10. 良好的深放電恢復(fù)性能。 11. 采用氣相二氧化硅顆粒度小，比表面積大。 應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域： 1. 多用途的 2. 不間斷電源 3. 電子能源系統(tǒng) 4. 緊急備用電源 5. 緊急燈 6. 鐵路信號(hào) 7. 航空信號(hào) 8.安 防系統(tǒng) 9.電子器械與裝備 10.通話系統(tǒng)電源 11.直流電源 12.自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)"
在線咨詢 
